Rolled metal car-wheel or similar body.



L. F! DIETER.

RoLLfn METAL CAR WHEEL on SIMILAR BoDY.

APPLICATION FILED 3AN.IO,19I7 f l Patented Nov. 13,y 1917.

SHiETS-SHELT l.

L. F. DIETER.

ROLLED METAL CAR WHEEL 0H SIMILAR BODY.

APPLmATmN `man 1AN.|n,19|1. 1,246,067. v Patented Nov. 13, 191.7.

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L. Y, DIEU-,Hx

www MVM ma WHEN. (m mmm Bmw APPMCAUQN {'ILEU MN. IU. UH?.

S'HLHS SHELT 19.

, L. F. DIETER'.

ROLLE() METAL C AR WHEEL 0R SIMILAR BODY.

APPLICATION FILE-D JAN. l0, 1917. 1,246,067. Pf1tenwdN0v.13,1917.

` L. F. DIETER. ROLLED METAL CAR WHEEL 0R SIMILAR BODY.

1,246,067 APPLlcATKIoN FILED Mu. lo. |s1`1. Patented Nov. 13 A191?" IBHEETBNSHEET B.

55. hg.' 56. A2 j,

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n L. F. mmm R'OLLED METAL CAR WHEEL 0R SIMILAR B ODL v Prucmon msn nu. lo. m1.

' Patented Nov. 13, 1917 `1 sscrs-snur 1. jjgajeg. J'' .25 268, v

'l5 Aprefer to employ to carry' .out:myinventin .and shown-in the accompanyingidmwingsv "are illustrative of y application` .y "zol 1o v herein hayereferenceto the invention oA 'To all rwhom it may concern.' f

UNITED sTATEs 4PATENT OFFICE.

' LOUIS'F. DIETER, OF, BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

Uriginal application led June 15, 1911,

^ Be it known that I, Louis F. Dmmn, a citizen ofA the United States, residing at Buffalo, in thecounty of Erie and State of A'New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in 1:Rolled Metal Car-Wheels or- Similar Bodies, of whichv the following is a specification', accompanied 4by seven sheets of drawings.

" -The .features-of my invention claimed my'voriginal -applicationledJuiie 15, 1911,

Serial No. 633,343.9 This fapplication isa division of said orfginal application and the parts of an apparatiis or mill such asfli parts of said: original 7, The methdof and ploy for producing car wheels er. other circular articles embodying myY invention form :no part of this invention,:;as lthis is claimed in and theV present invention is `also described'or-p'artlydescribed in the ,following applications filed by.. me, viz: said original application for patent filed 1Junegll, 1911, Serial "No, 633,343; application for patent fweb filed October 10, '1916,' SeriallNo. 124,921;- lapplication for patent filedNovember 20,

1916, Serial No. 132,372;l application-for 'patent filed November 22, 1916, 'Seria-l No. 132,815; and application for' patent filed June 22, 1917, Serial No. 176,333.

The invention relates to car.,wheels or other circular articles formed integral or in onepiece and havinga eentrahpr hub and tion.

such articles wherein, during therolling or forming'of the marginal or rim portion thereof, the metal has been compressed to greater density than the metal in the central orihub. and web portion, Another object is to provide such articles wherein, during the rolling or forming process, the mctalin'the marginal orrim'portiou, except the metal forming the periphery or Ranged trend portion, has been compressed to greater density or .refinement than the metal in the central or .hub and web portion, and the, metal forming the pt.- rphery or lauged tread 'portion has been compressed to still greater density or refine- Speciication of Letters Patent.

. Another One objectief -my invention islito'provide Patented Ney. 13, 191'?.

Serial No. 633,343. 'Divided and this application filed January 10, 1917. Serial No. 141,558. 4

ment than the metal inthe remainder of said marginal or rim portion.

Another object is to provide such articles wherein the periphery or flanged tread por tion is'ormed oimetal otharder and of greater strength than the body portion.

Another object of my invention is the provision of such articles wherein the marginal or rim portion is formed stronger, more true and more durable than have beenheretofore producedgw- 4 object is to provide such articles which are-completely rolled or formed and wherein the metal in the marginal or rim portion is compressed to uniform and to its maximum'density or refinement, or ,approximately S0.

u; A nother object to provide `such articles in either (lished orundished form and composedof the same qualitj or qualities of` metal as specified in the foregoingobjeets'of my Invention.

Another object is the provision of a dished wheel which is. free or substantially free frominitialor inherent stresses or strains.

Another object is to provide such articles as -abo've lspecified each formed in one heat with all its surface smooth and all its angles i sharp andfree from fins or 4other undesiry able projectingparts,

Another object is to provide such articles as aboiev specified each formed at one or both sides with a preliminar)y central hole or a part or parts thereof,.all in one heat in the Same apparatus or mill.

Another object is to provide such 'articles which are true f3 their 'axes and which when on their axles or shafts are truly balanced or. approximately so. y

Another object is to provide such articles -which when completely relledhave their central poitions or hubs and web portions, and their margina-lor vini portions formed smooth without leaving any raised lportions or fins which would have Ato be removed afterward by turning or other costly means.

A further ohject'is the pre-vision of a 'wheel rolled from au ingo'.. bloom, blank or vother work-piece and having a punched or pereed hub, a wel' and a rim, all surfaces and angles of which are smooth and free from surplus metal which would have to be removed afierward by turning or other costly means. i

A 'further object is lo prei-ide a ear wheel rolled with one heat without-surplus metal which would have to be removed afterward y by turning or other costly means.

, vention.

A further object is to provide a car Wheel wherein also the hub portion is rolled smooth and to proper form.

Still further objects are to provide a. rudimentarily formed car wheel rolled on its periphery `with two cylindrical or approximately cylindrical portions, one of which is of greater diameter than the other, and an intermediate concaved or conical portion merging into said cylindrical portions, or approximately so; to provide a rudimentarily formed car wheel whose inner peripheral face or faces are rolled sufieiently inclined outwardly toward the periphery of the wheel to have condensed or compressed the metal therein to uniform or to practically uniform density, and to provide a car wheel otherwise improved over wheels as now-made. y

The invention consists in novel car wheels or other circular articles of manufacture formed integral or in one piece and having a central portion or hub and web portion, and arim or marginal portion herein described and more particularly pointed out in the claims, said lcentral or hub and web portion being also termed thefbody-portion of the wheel 4or other article.

I prefer to carry out my invention with an apparatus or mill of the kind-described and claimed in my aforesaid original application and in applications filed by me and having the hercinbefore mentioned'serial numbers and filing dates.

In the accompanying drawings, in which I illustrate my invention together with devices or means Iprefer to employ in carrying out my invention:

Figure 1 is a plan view, illustrating in a diagrammatic manner part of one form ofa novel apparatus -o\r mill, hereinafter described and also fully described in my aforesaid original ap lication and,- which I prefer to employ in the manufactureof my in- The piercers or work-supporting means in this figure show a work-piece-centrally and axially supported thereby with pressure appliedequally to saidwork-supporting means at opposite'sides of the workpiece, the work-piece being pierced or cen-L tered thereby and is shown rolled with one set of rolls.

Fig. 2 is asimilar view showing greater pressure applied to said work-supporting moans at one side of the work-piece than at the other, thereby dishing -the work-piece.

The work-piece in'this figure is shown completely rolled with all the rolls and dished to the form shown.

Fig. 3 is a similar view. illustrating said work-supportinglmeans andthe rolls moved away from` the work-piece and the workpiece or finished article ready to be removed from the apparatus or mill.

Figs. 4 to l1 inclusive, illustrate the rolling or forming of the circular forms or shapes, for instance, from ingots, blooms, blanks or other work-pieces into car wheels or other circular articles and, also illustrate rerolled, reformed or reworked car wheels. In each of these figures,.the sections shown are half or dialnetral sections. For instance, in Fi 4 the ingot, car wheel blank or other worlit-piece is shown rolled to the undished form of the wheel with the inner circuniferential faces of the rim portion rolled to rudimentary form r sufficiently inclined, as and for the purpose hereinafter described with reference to Figs. 15, 33 and 34; the peripheral face or tread and flange portion of the rim being rolled to beaked or rudimentary form. In Fig. 5 saidlundished wheel is shown rolled and dished to finish. Said'Figs, 4 and 5 clearly illustrate the process of rolling the object, first into rudimentary undished form and then into finished dished form, all,of which I prefer to do with one heat and in thesame apparatus necting its hub and rim portions 'formed at one side of the wheel with the inner circumferential-.face -of the rim portion rolled to rudimentary form and sufliciently inclined as, and for the purpose hereinafter described with reference to Figs.. 16 and 33, the peripheral or'tread and flange' portion of the rim being, rolled to beaked or rudimentary 3 form. In Fig. 9 the undished wheel illustrated in Fig. 8 is shown rolled and dished 'to finished form. In Fi'g.`,`10 isL shown for .instance, a finished dishedv disk-wheel or a dished center such as used for tired car wheels, rolled and dished according to my method.. In this figure, therolls and ,piercer-spr work-supporting means are in the positionior substantially in the position they occupy at the end of the rolling and dishing process. In Fig. 11 is shown,l for instance, lcertain steps forv forming lateral extensions or hub portion onto a work-piece and for confining or limiting the lateral and radial flow of metal at theeentral or hub portion during 4the process offoiidin'g said lateral extensions or hub portion".

Fig. 12 shows, for instancc,a bianld (of which is shown the centen portion`- only), in position ready to be pierced or centered with said picrcels or centers, or supporting means shown in solid lines; and it also shows, in dotted lines, said lllanl'c'pierced or centered by said piercers or supporting means.

1 4. being heldrotatab1yin position ready to be Figs. 13 and 14C-illustrate more fully steps for forming theentral or hub portion of Vmy improved car Wheel or other circular article smooth on all its surfaces and to the desired form or shape 'Without leaving a raised circular portion or fin which would have -to be removed afterward by turning or other costlymeans. i

Figs; 15 and 16 illustrate vthe flow of metal, for inst'sance, in the outer or rim portion of a Work-piece during the process of rolling my improved earwheel or other article (see also Figs. 33 and 34). n Fig. 17 shows a blank or Work-piece which, according to certain steps employed 1in the manufacture ofmy invention, is

shown-pierced and' centeredin the apparatusor mill with said piercers' yor worksupporting means having vfor instance the lateral 'extensions or a hub .portion onto a i Work-piece and for' confining the lateral and form asshoivm'said blank or `Work-piece -rolledQ-.In this figure the hub yportiony is shown in dotted lines rolled onto the workpiece b the rolls shown-in dottedxlines, which a so illustrate my method for forming radial flow' of metal in the hub portion during the process' of rolling or forming said- Alateral extensions or hub portion. In thisl 4figiire are also shown th rolls in the :positions they will occupy, either during the time the i'ngot,`bloom, blank or other workpieceis put into thel apparatus'or mill, or

als;

vwhen the Work-'piece or the finished wheeler `bther yfinished article is removedT from' the i apparatus or mill.

Figs, 18, l!) am] 2O showv the fiange andA ,itread portion of car wheels and are diagrammatic vieu's-illustrating for instance a. few shapes or ways .of beaking, as hereinafter described and also described in my said originalapplication.

Figs. 2l m25 inclusive illustrate certain: rolling or forming steps in rolling or form-l ing the finished 'dishod car wheel embodying -my invention; for insta nee, a wheel such as shown in Fig. 5.

- illustrated certain steps for piercing and rollingir fm'ininfg a heated car wheel blank or bric-piece, .sui-h as shown for instance in the. Fig. 2l' or Fig. 22.. into the `form of the finished (lished ea r wheel shown yin the Figs.

i 26 and 27.

Fig. 28 shows, for'instance, the center portion of a blank or work-piece provided :witlra c vliridriral hjole` and in Fig. 2) is shown said blank or work-piero centered or Vpierced or pcimtrated and centered.

Figs, 30 and fil illustrate diagrammatiinproper working of the metal i'n the rini portion of a oar wheel or other object having a web l'oinied integral with the rim portion, during the Forming of said rim portion, all

ln said Figs. 21 to 25 are'- cally improper flow of metal resulting from of which is avoided in the manufacture of my invention, as hereinafter described and also described in iry said `original application.'

Fig. 32`illustrates, for instance, the proper flow of metal during the forming of a tire having no web, such. as used for some tired car Wheels.

Figs. 33 and 34 are fliagrammatical illus- 'trations showing more fully the resultof bored..

F igs.4 37 to 40 inclusive illustrate,- for instance, suchfrollin'g or forming process or steps wherein the entire opposite end faces of, the hub of a work-piece are rolled or formed or operated upon directly with the berein'named edging-and web rolling rolls,

during the process of riollingl or4 forming said hub. Itis, of course, understood that I do not intend (to limit myself to the use of *the particular parts shown nor to the use of the apparatusA ormillshown'- and described -in ymyv said original application, as other means may hereafter be devised for carrying out my invention in a practicable manner.

,Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding ,parts throughout .the several views.

E, E are the spindles or axles named hercin the Work-supporting axles which also serve other purposes.

At one end of said axlesare removably fastened thereto piercers or ,worlcsupportingr centers or work supporting means", for instance El, El or E2, Ez or E?, E, &c.- These pierccrs, or centeis, or supportingl means may also be differently formed' llian:tliose herein shown and may also sei-ventiler purposes, such for instance. as .forming dies` the, 'here is practically no limit to the forms or shapes that said piercers, orieeiiters, or supportin r means may have.

F, F and F2 represent., the, workpiece from .some of the various formsl or shapes it ma. have when iut into the. ai iaratus 'or l rnay-bave (see-also mysaid original applica- (l, (il are the roll shafts which have at one of their ends tbeherein named web finishing rolls.

are sets of different shapes of the said herein G", (ln and (fil, l and G, (l for instance,

named web finishing rolls. These rolls are laterally movable and are also axially adjustable or movable and interchangeable. There is practically no limit to the forms or shapes that these rolls may have. These rolls, for instance, G1, Gr2 are connected together by equalizing mechanism, in such manner that said rolls may be connected with or disconnected from said equalizing mechanism, without disconnecting said rolls from the coperating pressure cylinders or pressure devices operatively connected with said rolls, as described inimy said original application; or they may be otherwise arranged it desired. I

H is the herein named tread or face finish' ing roll which acts' again'st the peripheral face of the work-piece; This roll 1s movable toward and against and also away from the peripheral face of the work-piece. The peripheral or'rolling face of this roll may have many different shapes,"as 4for instance Hl in Figs. 1,` 4 to 9,'17 and 21; or 4for instance as H2 in Fig. 10; or for instance, 'as described in my said original application. There is practically no limit`to theforms or shapes the peripheral or rolling face of this tread or face fixshing roll m'ay-ihave.

' J, J are the roll shafts, eachv of which has at one of its ends one of the herein named edgingr and web rolling rolls. Said rolls are either removably attached to said shafts in such aw'vay'that the -whole roll may1 be driven by the shaft, or only `part'of the roll may be driven by the shaft and the other part be permitted to turn loose; orthe whole roll may be permitted to turnlo'oseon a journal removably fastener] .to the shaft` as fully described in my said original application.

J, J and J1, J and J', J* and J9', J for instance, are sets of the herein named edging and web rolling rolls, shown in different shapes. Theserolls are laterally and also4 axiallyr movable and are interchangeable. 'lhere is practically n o limit to the forms or shapes these rolls may have. These rolls, for instance .T1, J are connected together by equalizing mechanism, in such-.7 manner that said rolls may be connected with or disconnected from said equalizing--- mechanism without disconnectinff said 'rolls from the cooperating pressure cylinders or pressure devices operatively connectedwith-said rolls, as described in my said original application, or they may be otherwise arranged if desired.

l( is the herein named tread or face rolling roll which acts against the, peripheral faec ofthe wollt-piece to roll said Face to a beaked or rudimentarv forni. or to partly finished form` orto finished forni. This roll is movable toward and against and also away from the peripheral face of the workpie'ee anr'lit is also laterally movable. The peripheral orgrolling face of this roll may also have various different shapes, as for instance K1 in Fig. 1; or for instance as K2 in Figs. 4,-5, 6, 7, 11`and 17; or for instance vas K in Fig. 10; or, as for instance, a roll having its rolling face to suit the bcaked form i of the peripheral face of a rim port-ion shown in Fig. 19; o r, as for instance K in Figs. 8, 9, 21, 23, 24, 25 and 33, which is also the Shape for rolling the peripheral face of a rim portion to the lbeaked or rudimentary form shown at K7 in Fig 20; or for instance, as described in my saidforiginal application. there is practically no`limit to the'forms sh'apes that this roll may have.

Said face rolls H and K are connected together by equalizing mechanism, in such manner that said rolls may be connected with or disconnected from said equalizing mecha nism without disconnecting said rolls from the coperating pressure cylinders or pressure devices operatively connected withsaid rolls, as described in my said original appli` cation or they may be otherwise arranged'if desired. Said face rolls H and K may also he moved toward and against or away from the peripheral face of the supported Work-` dishing process they are moved longitudinally with the central'or hub portion of the work-piece, wheel or other article, as the case may be.

By thewords eentering. or piercing or penetrating and centering I mean that the ingot, bloom, blau-k or other work-piece is centered, or pierced or penetrated 4and centerd in the apparatus or mill, by forcing either one or both said piercers or'supporting means against or into said work-piece with lthe pressure cvlinders 0 and N as forl instance shown in Fig. 1 and, as'and in the manner fully described in my aforesaidv original application.

M, M are the herein named work-supporting heads, although so named they also servi other purposes, as will'be observed from thi matter hereinafter described and also fron my said original application. The axles E E are carried and rotatably supported bj said supporting heads M, M. Each of sah axles E, E has oneI of said herein name piercers or centers or supporting means fo instance vE1 or E2 or E", &c., at one en( Said piereers or centers or supporting mear. are,..intechangcable. Said headsM, M ai Like the other rolls referred ,to,'

amper A equivalent means. One'of said 'heads M, M'

is operatircly connected with the iston-rod O' ofthe piston 1n cylinder()` an is moved by the pressure in said cylinder O and, the

other of said heads M, M is operatively connected with the piston-rod N of the qpiston in cylinder. N and is' moved ybythe pressureA in said cylinder N.

Figs. 1, 2 and 3 illustrate the preferred means, for-centering or-for piercing' or enetrating and centering ingots, blooms, b anks or other work-pieces, for supporting the same, for rolling, dishing or nndishing, or 4for rolling and dishn or undishing the same, and also for putting the work-pieces at their hub or center portions while so snpported by said supporting means into clamped conditionlatcrally or axially be- .tween said iercers or supporting means and automatically` keeping said hub or center portions in said clamped condition by constant pressure duringl therolling und dishinor undishng process.

or piercing .or centering, for instance, a properly heated blank or work-piece F,ha.v-

trally forced over or plee ing the form-shown in Figs.. 12l or. 22 (in Fig. '12, the center portjon'only is shown of Vsaid work-piece E), the blank or work-piece F Which,- in ,these illustrations, husa thickness which is for instance the same or somewhat greater than the lateralthickncss or width which the marginal or rim portion of the. carwheel or other article is to have when finished, is placed on a. positioning -or raising, lowering and retaining mechanisrn "(sec nrvnforesaid original application) and therewith loweredl to the posltlon indicated in l'g. 12, wherein the outer p or- Horror periphery (not shown .in Fig. 12)- of said blank F will he central or co-azial,

orapproximately so, with `said piercers or.'

supporting means, for instance E,E,which latter will then bc moved by the pressure 'in' said cylinders N and O acting on thc pistonsof thc-piston-rods N and OF operatively connected with said picrcers-or worksupporting mennsms shown for instance in Fi 1 lo the positionshown forinstance in 4fig.. 12. 'lln` total pressure or force will .then bei delivered to the pistons of said pislou-rmls N3 'and-O to force, for instance, said pir-.mers or supporting means E, E

or any other suitably formed piercers or sul-niortiug;P means, as for instance El, El,

&c..i'nto said jerk-piece F to the ,depllior ,depths as vindicated., for instance, the

dotted...lines for said centers or supporting that the blank or work-piece has a thickness which is the same or somewhat grcatenthal the lengthV whichthe h ub ofthe carwheel or other article is to have when finished,v then 'in such case the shoulders or flanges e", e" of said piercers or supporting meansl E, E will comel against t e sidesof the.` blank newark-piece as for instance shown in the Figs. 1, 4, 14, 21 and 23.V In Fi 6 is shown,` for instance, a previously n'is ed or wornear wheel rerolled to the size and, form of F, supported` for instance piercers on centers or forming dies as shown. These piercers or centers or forn'nn dies l'are forced 4or placed' over the outer 'umeter ofthe hub as shown and serve either to reduce or .enlarge'the diameter of vthe boxe of the wheel or other article ,as may be desired. The piercing or center-portion of these centers or forming dies E', Eeither centrally enters the hole previously formed or worn car wheels, may

either be reduced 'or made lar ereolthat thesame may be reboredto the iarncter of itsoriginal Vbore or' toga larger gdiameter.

' In Fig. 29 isshown a 'blank or work-piece;A

, `stance in Fig.4

lmeans ll, E -in Fig. l2, or shown by th'esolid lines, .for instance, 1n Flg. 1T. In case F which has previously been provided wi a central hole as shown -in Fig'. 28, and' 'I which has been penetrated or. centered with the piercers or supporting. centers for instance E', E asmshown, the operating process being the same as'before described and, said flanges .or shoulders e e, of said piercersor supporting means V E limit', in the operatin l V the lateral flow of metal during -the roce'ss. of forming the hub.

V'The work-piece may also be centrally cpenetrated at only one side with p piercelsor supporting ymeans pierced` or oney of Vsalwhile theother side is only supported by.

the other iercer or snpportin'g' means, or, f y

onesdeio. the work-piece maybe pierced other sido pierced or penetrate scribed in my aforesaid application.

process illustrated for in-` For work-pieces to `be pierced or' pene; trate-d v:it-both sides, I- prefer, .in .some-.casesh to make theV length of said pierceljs or su port-ing centers to suitl t-he location o'f t e web portion, that/ais, the metal between 44the ends of said piercersor supporting centers, if any, or' the ends of said plercers or cen-` ters, pre'f'cr to be in a plane with'tha't porl tion o the web-which is. adjacent the cen-7' l f and (aintinuously toward and rolling or forming Vor supporting means andV Fig. :takes place, .while the vv'ark-pieceJ is rotating :or center portions-offend tral or hub portion, as for instance shown in Fi 1G.

Tith reference to Figs. l, 2 and 3, the process may begin with 'the herein named vedging and webrolling rolls, for instance J1, J 2, and tread or face rolling roll K- and therewith the blank or other work-piece may be rolled to either the forms or-iehapes F1, suoli as shown in Figs. 1, 4 and v24, or similar forms. In case the finished article should be a dished car Wheel having the -orm or shape shown, for instance, in Figs. 3, 5, 25 or 26, the ingot, bloom blank or other work-piece having been rolled by' the herein named edging and Web rolling rolls, for instance J1, J2 and the Itread or face rolling roll K, to the forni or shape Fx in Figs. 1, 4 or 24, and with said rolls in the position shown iii Figs. l, 4 or 24 or the rolls J, J2 may be moved somewhat toward the axis of the work-piece, the herein named web finishing rolls, or instance G1, G2 and tread or face finishing roll H, may begin the finishing operation against the Work-piece F1, and during said finishing operation the wheel may also be dished in the following manner With the'work-piece F1 supported on said piercers or centers or supporting means, for instance, E, EG and with its hub or center portion automatically firmly clamped laterally between said piercers or centers before: the dishing commences, as shown iii-Fig. l, the pistonrod N3 of' the cylinder' N withone of said Work-Supporting heads M, M ,and its axle E and piercer or center Es now under constant and continuous pressure from said cylinder: N, causes the one piercer or eenter E to press automatically and continuously toward and against the hub or center portion of one side of said work-piece F1, and theA piston-rodk O3 of the cylinder O with the other supporting head M and its piercer 'or center E new also constant and continuous pressure yfrom the cylinder O, causes said other lpiercer or center E pto press automatically against the hub or *center* F1' at ,theother sidel thereof as shown in l. rDir-:hing of the work-piece then and while thezinargiiial orperipheral por,- laterally supported ,as vShown, '1n the tion ofgthe workfpiecel is following manner z-f- While'either, any, lor all the driven rolls or all the'rolls are in operation, sure in said cylinder N, is gradually somewhat relieved or reduced, retaining there? in-however the constant pressurejrequired "n said` cylinder Npto' retainv the aforesaid automatically clampedcondition of the hub ished article isv taken away' portion of said Work-piece- .wheel F2 cleared to the presv work-piece llater- I iece is rotating, into the position shown in Fig. 2 in which position the work-piece or Wheel is dished as shown. tion, if necessary or desired, the rolls may still be in operation for giving the' peripheral or flanged tread portion of the Wheel or other article a harder wearing surface and also for finishing and truing up the work-piece or wheel or other article to the form or shape shown at F2 in Fig. 2; or, instead of' so reducing the constant pressure in said cylinder N, said dishing can also be done, while the work-piece is rotat ing, by increasing the constant pressure in cylinder 0 so as to overcome the constant pressure in cylinder N. During the dishing or rolling and dishing rim of the work-piece or wheel or other article is laterally supported and retained by the rolls, shown in Figs. 1 or 2. After the wheel or other article is completely rolled, dished and finished, the. rolls and the piercers or centers or supporting means are pulled back, as shown in Fig. 3, thereby placing the inished wheel F2 or other finished article onto a positioning or raising, lowering and retaining device (see my said original application), which carries said finished wheel F2 'or other finished article to a position away from said piercers or centers or supportingrneans, and :from there said finished wheel Fz or other finby any suitable properly heated ingot,

In this posi means and another bloom, blank or other work-piece put in place of it and centrally positioned and centered, or pierced or penetrated and centered, &c., as above described. In the positions sliown in the Fig. 3, the piston-rods O2, O3 and N2, Na and said piercers or centers E6, E6 are pulled back and the finished `he removed as above described.

Said dishing, -iindishing or redishing 0E eration while thework-piece is 4rotatin may also be eli'ected by retaining said worksupporting axles or Work-supporting means in fixed positions while the work-piece is so rotatablyfsupported at its' -center or .hub

The marginal or rim Iportion of the-workbetween said Work-sup-- operation, the

portion by saidv supporting means and is so y isc r or st rnight-position and, the extra length piege. is thus moyejcl laterally with resnn'ect 'to its center portion, or, for producing the `centeror hu'b portion is'v sosupported and n similar manrierfu's'thedishlng,

made up. during the dshinf;r process.

is, so laterally claipei and while :said-rolls for inst-ance J1, Jz urel so kept in contact` with'` the mergma'l orv rim portion of the worlr- )iece Un ijshng and redislhingV may be done in In un-Y dishingr.I the object is placed on-eaid piel-eers or sn i'portng;- Ineens' and while so sur portefl cu'n be moved nxiall to suit the rolls and thennndished while the object revolves.

In n dished wheel, the web, that is thc part of a 'wlieelbetween the hu'bnart end, the riin port, iojn an inclinedposition, as for in stance in a w heel .oenterfF in Fig. 1 0 or in the wheel F shown inthe ,Filis 5', 6, 9, 25,26 and 40,.:1ncl in an n ndishel wheel theweb is ina Streight positiomtlmt is, nl; right angles with the axis .of the wheel, o1 approximately so, as for instance in the -nndisheH finished \\-'heel"[ `2 shown in 4the Fig. 7, nncl on .this account, the said web'is longer in the said dshed; positionthaniin'the said. undished oi' iIifei-ence .between -trh' length of .the web of ;L dshed und nndislied wheelhas toie n .ense thntn vheel 1in'sbeen finished by any inefin. to the form or shap'e shown for-in stance al F* in Fig. 7, and, such Wheel i s to be dishcd 'to ,the former shape shown for instance et F n 1 `i, ,1.V 5., in the nsuul manner or through pressure in dies, then in-snoh fdishing process,l the said web .would have to be lengthened by direct extension of the metal in the web in. the direction from snchilishing process itivill also be possible the hub to the rim-part, .or viceversa, 'which .would requlre an immense force and during to twist` the finished 'rimpart with its tren-il' andi {hingeunil conse the Wheel to be untrue :incl ont of g:\,q e. VlSIor-eoverg; such methods will lealve nnfi'nitial o'r-'inlerentrstress 'or strain in theffinishecjl 'wheel,` .which lr'orees` theWi-'heel-ont of true when in 4sexvi;:e or

when it is relieated. for instaalce,4 from the hrakefslioes being pressed against. the wheel,-

rented -Aritlithe method ofclishing-or rolling nncldifshingherein'clescribecl, and the force or ponr required to do thelllshnnrrI wlth st ieh method v'willbe very little, es cnn be' 'other -workfiiece rollefd'with Itheyrolls Jl, J

eo'sillwobscrved from -t-he following: -\Vith` reference to the-Figs. land forinstqnce, Fig. #illustrates nn ingot.. bloom,4 blank or unrlrKrto tie undished form or shape- F1 shown,` .the roll-K having [for 4instance the and dished5 the rolls J1, J F an peripheral or rolling lface Ki VThen with rollin r falco H1 wmmenceoperating against4 the w eel; anc "the dishingfmay 4be `commenced at the same time andin thema-nner beforcrleserlbed, sind' when com letely rolled H. may still operate against the Wheel 4to portion usherder wear-ing surfxic'efandro 1' the wheel ei'fectly'trueienlt brulante, also grnges, as for 'inem-nce illustrated j. 'he saidnecessury lengthening of tho web rinring clishing is performed duri, lng the-dlshmg process by rolling out with the hereinnamod web nisl1ing rolls, for' said web reflucing'roll-par's j, j of theher'e- 1e innerrimpartfof the wheel in named eclgingand web rolling rolls J1, J or J", J or JW, J o1" Jf as sliovy'nynnd thereby adding, dining the rolling and g"'.tl 1e nreby` the required v tre length tothe web' dishing Yrocess,` snilicientinezhl to the web part an; pro metal for the pn rt, without scribed directtnsionin .the web -nnlwitll-.

out leavingg any stresses' or strains.

`in any part of the so :finished wheel.

Seid work-supporting' 4heads lifLM. prov vided 'with the nxlcs `E, E and their piercers or center -ipporting1nei1ns, :for instnnee. E, E es.. ocated one at each side of. the

work-piece l, 2 and 3, and seul.'` iercere orcentersj or vo v'e witlithe ingot, bloom, blxnlr another work-.pieeel-in bearings -of said worlrrsnp Porting heads M,M and. fh'lringthe pieromg or centeringdishing.or 'undishinggnI roll-. 'i lng an'dxslung orunghshing processes, sind Supporting bends: M,A lu with their ain-ilesV 13, E,'a.i1d seid plercers Qrcenters orsupportingmenns,.fdr instance,El` E* or etc., are moved longitudinally 1n' line, with with" the 'axes of said piercers or oenters'or 4supporting Ineens. by'nieans ofthe pressnr'ee 1n. tlneoyllnflcrs O anclN. (see Fig. 1.) orbyA my other equivalent Incarne` v:mdf are so moYed toward or zuvny from each other nnd- V -V may also heA moved together in either direcany'posih'on while the 'other is moved to-A Vward or mvay'iromihe one gp rctgingd duri lng the plerclng or centering process andere f said piercers or 'centers prsupportingnears-f'lq as for instencehowni'n' Figs from the Work-piece or finished object. During the rolling and dishing or durlng the undisliiiig, dishing, uiidishing and relishiiig processes said enfers or supporting means are moved with the center or ub part of the worlc-liiece, as the case may require and as and in the manner fully described in my aforesaid original application.

'In rolling for instance car wheels or siii'iilar articles, the lateral thickness or width of tlie face roll K is the saine as is the lateral thickness or 'width which the outer or rim portion of the car wheel is to have when finished, as shown for instance in the F igs. 4 to 9 inclusive and Figs. 23 to Q5 inclusive and Figs. 38 to '40 inclusive; thereby, with said roll K and with the rolls for instance J1, J2 or J, J 0r Ji, J or Je", Ji" in said Figs. 4 to 9 and 23 to 25 inclusive and Figs. 37 to 40 inclusive, formed as shown and, with the peripheral rolling or operating face of said face roll K formed as shown as and for the purpose hereinafter described, for instance with reference to Figs. 4, 8, 18, 19, 20,

35i and 34, and with the inner rolling or operating portionof the web reducing roll part j of each of the edging and web rolling roils J1, J2, &c., formed sufficiently conical, as and for the purpose hereinafter fully de.-

iScribed for instance With reference to Figs.

4, 8, 15, 16, 38 and 34, and, 'with all said three rolls situated in a plans passing laterally tlnough the car Wheel at,one side of its axis and with said rolls moved and operated during the rolling process, as and for the purpose herein described, the lmetal in the peripheral face and total iiiii portion of the Work-piece-or car Wheel is Worked coiitin ually during the rolling process upon all its surfaces simultaneously, which to my knowl* edge, together with the result obtained thereby, was never done or accomplished before in rolling oar wheels. 1n this manner the metal is uniformly condensed or refined to its maximum or practically so; that is to say, the metal in'the Whole .rim portion eX- cept the metal forming the peripheral or fla-ng@ i tread portion may be uniformly condensed'or refined and to a greater extent than the `metal in the central portieri or hub and web portion, as shown at 3, Figs. 35 and 36, and the metal forming the peripheral or flanged tread portion may be condensed or Irefined to a greater degree than said metal Said'riin portion as shown at l and 2 Figs.

85 and 36, thus giving more strength and a harder WearingA surface to the metal forming said peripheral or fianged tread portion than has heretofore been obtained in rolling ear Wheels. By thus forming a ear Wheel or other similar article, it is also rolled smooth 'on all its surfacesl and to the desired form or shape without 1leaving' a raised circular portion or fin,'w1i1ch would .have to be removedafterward by turning or other costy means.

Said web finishing rolls, for instance, G1, G2 or G0, Go or G5, G4 &c., are both posi tively driven side rolls and are op ositely located, one at each side-.of the wor (-piece, as for instance shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 to 8, 10, 17 and 23, &c., and their shafts G, G are inclined to tliesides of the Worlopiece. These web finishing rolls, during the rolling process, may o eiate against the web and inner rim part o the Work-piece or wheel or other article, either together or independently of each other, and they are moved either together or independently toward or against or away from the Work-piece or Wheel or other article, as the case may require, by the pistons of pressure cylinders or pressure mechanism, or by any other equivalent means. If desired, said web finishing rolls may also be formed so as to form in conjunction with the tread or face finishing roll H at each side thereof, a stop for the lateral movements against the workepiece or Wheel or other article. and thereby also assist in turning or driving the tread or face fiiiislr ing roll l-l by .frietioiial contact therewith; or said lateral movements of said web finishing rolls may beotherwise limited.

In most cases, said web finishing rolls' are preferably formed for instance, as G1, G2 in Figs. 4, 5, G, &c., that is, the part g136 of each of said ro'lls G1, G2 is the herein named web finishing roll part, operating as shown on the web and inner riiii part of the wheel or other article; and, the part g1 of each of said rolls G1, G2 in the process illustrated in said figures is not operating against the Worlcpiece, but in most cases is permitted to come in Contact or to press against the opposite sides of the tread or face finishing roll H as shown, thereby forming the aforesaid stop for said Web finishing rolls at or near the Work-pieee in the direction toward or against the workpiece and also assisting in turning or driving said tread or face finishing roll H by frictional contact therewith. Such rolls may be formed as, for instance G3, G in Figs. 8 and 9, wherein the roll G is moved toward the workpiece from thepesition shown in Fig. 8 to the osition shown in Fi 9 in which position said roll G3 is retained during .its operation against the Work-piece until the Wheel is dished and finished, and the saidA roll G4 with its said finishing roll pai't gm, in finishing and dishing this wheel, which has its rim and hub parts extended 'on one side ofsaid wheel only,.as shown, is o eratin and is moved against the inner We and rnn parts of said wheel, as

-shown in Fig. 9; or, such rolls may be Wholly formed dbnical, as described in my said ori in'al applicati-on.

'raid web finishing rolls, for instance G1 and G2, are connected together by equalizing mechanism as before mentioned and as fully .described in my said original application. Said mechanism, when connected, equalizes the movements and pressures of said web finishing rolls. toward or against. the. work-piece; that is, for instance, with said rollsI connected together, said rolls, for instance. G. (i2 are moved toward or 'against or a\va \v from the work-pI ,ce at botlrsidcs thereof', each the same distance as illustrated for instance in Figs. 17, 21 and 23 to 25. For the rolling process illustrated for instance. in Figs. 8 and 9. it, is .required vthat each one of the rolls, as for instance (iill and Said edging and weh-rolling; rolls" for in-'` stance J", .1 or J, JE. ,or'.T}-,,.,.J"f? &c aref posi- V tively driven Side rollsanda p'positelylocated, one at. eaclnsidelof.'tA l" for instance shown in Figs. and 1017and 23, i tion. theirlshafts -J ,ma A or inclined tn tlxdsides and during thei'olling .p'tocess,tlie

erate alternately against thehulilntldfudli the edges of therim of tlrieworkfpiece 0r f wheel or other article either together or in` dependently of each ,-otheif;fanthwith theirV lateral moving device. inaylbe moved later;V ally toward or against the wok-'piece or away fro|n-t..;or ,with the same, either to- ,"ether or independently of eachother, by pistons of pressure cylinders orliy' any other suitable means,l and'with their .shifting or longitudinally moving devicemay be moved longitudinally in eitherfdircction, between the center or'hub pzitjtiandhthe ilriy part or periphcrjl of the,. wor l,\'pie,ce offwheel, or' other article forward and backward. such as the case mayrequire, by pistonsof pressure. cylinders ,or by any; other," suitable' nii-ans. Saidedging and webfrolling rolls arc formed so that duringtherolling process they come-in .contact.,.0r,. nl` i,against the opposite sides of-thetread lorifaec. rolling roll and thereby also formv with the tread or face. rolling roll l( a stop for their lateral movement against the workpiece, and thereh v also assist in turning or driving said face roll l( hy .frictional contact/ therewith, or, said lateratmovements ofsuid edging and web rolling rolls may he limited by any other suitable means.

In most cases, the edging and web rolling rolls are. preferably formed, for instance, as J1 ami J'l in rigs. 4, e, ie, 13, ii, it, e1 and 23 to 25 inclusive` or 'l'or instance as 9, J in Figs. 37 to 4t) inclusive; the part j of such rolls J, .l2 is the web reducing roll' part., which may however have. any other desired suitable form or shape than herein shown, operating as shown alteruatel)7 on the hub and adjacent web part., web part, and riln and adjacent web part of the work-piece, wheel orother article, that' is, said web reducing roll parts j, j of said rolls Jl, J2, with their outer rolling or operating portions, are operating on the web and hub partis of thework-piece and form or shape the hubpart.` as hereinafter described,

for instance with reference to Figs. 11, 13, 14

or 21 and 23,or Fig. 38,and, with their inner rolling or operating portions are operating on -the web part, and the inner peripheral face or faces'of the rim of the work-piece and roll said faces or inner rim portion suiciently inclined toward the periphery of the worlepieee, 'as' and tor the purpose hereinafter fullydescribed, for instance with ret "erence to the Figs. 4, '8, 15, 16 and 33. The

Ledgingroll"part, 4 rolling or operating as ""showmupon the edges or opposite sides of @the marginal orY 'rim partei the work-piece, wheel'oeother article, andalso limiting the "lateraltlow of the metal therein betweenthe roll parts-ifi?, j of said rolls J1, J2 and the periphery of4 the -work-piece. Said roll 'partsj","j2,' during the rolling process come in con'ta'ctjwith oriare against the opposite sides of the tread oxzface rolling roll K, as shown; or such rolls may not. have such web 'reducing parti, but he for instance wholly formedconieal as, for instance J in Figs. 8 and 9.

The 'rolling with said edging and web rolling rolls may, in most cases. be commenced' at or near the center portion of the ingot. bloom, blank or other work-piece, as for vinstance illustrated by the dotted lines for said edging and web rollingr rolls in the Figs. 4, 11, 17and 21. In Fig. l1 `for instance, the rolling maycommence near the center portion of the blank or work-piece supporte] on said piercers or centers` E, E,

that is, at a suitable distance from the hub which is to be formed onto said work-piece,

as for instance indicated by ,the positions of the edging and weh rolling rolls J1, Jl shown in solid linxs and. from-these positions said rolls J, J2 are moved and forced lateraiiy into the opposite sides of said supported work-piece as shown bv the dotted lines of said rolls JH J and from there said rolls J. Je ane shifted or moved longitudinally toward said center portion to form said hub 'rol until said rolls are in contact with the .pee ripher-.il Faces of the flanges or shoulders 0?, ew of said piercers or centers E6, E, as indicated by the dotted end lilies of said During this hub forming rocess, said shoulders e30, c3 are also limiting the lateral flow of metal in said hub portion, which metal during said process has'been forced laterally outward against said shoulders 1:3", a3" and radially againstsaid rolls J1, J2 and has thus formed the hub portion shown by the dotted lines with an annular etension at each end of less diameter than any other portion of the hub. From their positions adjacent' said shoulders e, e, said rolls J, J2 are shifted or moved longitudinally away from the hub, over their said starting positions, and toward the rim portion until said rolls have reached the posi-' tions shown for instance in theFigs. 1, 4 and 24. During this process, said-'rolls J1, J2 may also be moved longitudinallyv forward and backward as often as desired; and, the rim portion of said work-pieceberolled with the rolls J, J2 and K to the form for instance shown in Fig. 4. The ,peripheral face of the work-piece will thenhave'been rolled to a beaked or Irudimentary form', as' and for the purpose hereinafter described, for instance with reference tothe F igs. 4, 8, 18, 1f),4 20 and 33, and-.the inner, peripheral face orifices of the rim-portion of the worki' piece will have been rolled sufficiently inclined toward the peripheral ,faceof the work-piece, as and for the purpose herein." after described, for instance with reference `to the Figs. 4, 8, 15, 16 and 33. ,During the cases be permitted to come in contact with for instance shown or indicated 'by the dotor against the sides of the face roll K, 'as

ted lines in Figs. 11, 17 and 21, or4 by thel solid lilies in Figs. 4, 5, 6, 10, and 23 to 25, or the lateral movementof said rollsma be limited by any other suitable means. aid edging and web rolling rolls may be shifted or lonoitudinally moved independentlyof4 each other; for instance in such a'manner' that, any-one of said rolls may be, retained in any position between their shifting limits"l and the other of said rolls, whleo'perating on the work-piece, may be shifted forward 'and backward, such. as the easmayrequire, :is for instance illustrated in I "igs, 8 and" 9," In Fig.- 8, the edging and web rollingrll J3 which in this case is formed wholly conical,A is retained in the position shown, and

process is pressed against said roll J3 with practically the same pressure with'w'hieh the other roll J may be pressed or'held laterl ally against the workrpieee',

lUnder this* pressure, the roll J a 1s operating'against the4 whole side from the center orhub' pa'rt 'to'.

the-periphery of the work-piece, as shown; and the other roll J* during the rolling process, is also shifted or moved longit'udinall vby its power or pressure meansoper'ative y connected therewith (see my said original'application),` and with its said web reducing part j25:0perates as before described on'the web,l hubl and inner rim parts, and with its said edgingroll art j operates as before described u on t e edge' or side ofthe work-piece F1. Vhen the roll J* 'has' reached the position, for instance shown in Fig. 8, then-said roll J? is shifted t,

or longitudinally moved and also laterally moved somewhat toward the work-piece, untilsaidroll JJius reached-the osition :shown'in'said Fig. 9, when the dishing and finishing of the finished .wheel F2 shown in Fig. 9 will commence, andbe done in the manner before described.

From the above itwll be seen that, with the `herei'n named :edgingand web rolling rolls formed 11s-herein shown-and, with the inner rolling' or operating portions of the lweb reducing roll parts j, i2?. of said edging and web rolling rolls J J, Src., f ormed tin of nthe weh-part toward the rim` part,

'causes themetal to flow in the proper drect'ions;-thatis-to say. toward .them-im part, within the latterand-peripheral thereto. The lateral flow` of the metalis limited by "the roll'fparts j, i of said ed'gingjand web rolling rolls, and'when. this lateral`iow of metal is thus arrested, the continued flow thereof-"wl1 be peripheral to the rim. It

will'beobserved thatthe radial flow of the metal `is limited by the rolling surface of the tread'or face `rolling roll K. vand when -the radial flow `is` thns'arrested, the con- 'tinu'ed flow of the metal will. be peripheral -to'the -'rm, 'asf for instance illustrated in V1"|`ig rs.=4r,1.3, 16 and133.- From this and from ithev'matter described below with reference to. the Figs.4,.15, 1c, 33,34, as and se,A and with reference to' othergu res herein shown,

it is 'bo be observedthatithe metal, when being rolledl romthe. lankor' other work` piece-into a car wheel r other article, is 'especially in -thetread and flange or rim por-. tion, not expanded gradialjly, and therefore does-not produce incipient cracks in`"the tread and 'flange portions o f the rim,l but is I v'truly rolled andI increases .indensity witl ltherein, the work-piece during the rolling increased working. thuspivinq to the meta both its due maximum strength and' maxi mumy resistanceto; wenn.. In Vother- 'word: this methodof rolling'I pro'diccs'the'same et fect'in-the metalof the,rim po rtion as if th web'l portion4 of the wheel. v\rer; al not in cz 'lstence and. the rim portion rolled its tot:

width on its inner peripheral surface or surfaces as is done on its outer peripheral surface consisting of the tread and flange.

In Fig. 15 are shown such edging and web rollingr rolls, for instance J1, J2, rolling or forming;r the web and rim parts of the partly shown work-piece F1 central With the hub part, as shown and therein with the inner rolling on operating portions of the Web reducing roll parts j. j of the edging` and web rolling rolls J1.` J? formed sufiicientlyconical as for instance shown and as and for the purpose hereinafter more fully deseigibed. thc centers of the pressures caused h v the so conicallv formed inner rolling or operating portions of said weh reducing roll parts j, j of said rolls J1. 2 are illustrated as acting at the center of the lengths of said conically formed inner rolling or operating pci-lions and' at right angles thereto against the work-piece. as is indicated by the arrows 71 and 7)* ofsaid pressures, and the resultant pressure 'r from said pressures p' and 711 is therein indicated in the directionshown by the arrow for said resultant pressure i", and the actual flow of the metal will be in a lateral, radial andy peripheral direction; thai, is. toward the rolls J1, J2 and peripheral' to the rim and in a radial and peripheral direction; that toward the periphery of thc work-piece in the direction of the arrow r against the face rolling roll K which roll K is not shown in this'Fig. 15). From there the metal Hows peripheral to the rim, and lsaid lateral flow of rnetal` is limited by the edging roll parts jg, .7.29 of said rolls J1, J. from where the metal will flow peripheial to the rim. and said radial flow of metal is limited by the rolling surface of said tread or face rolling" roll K which roll K is not 'sl'iown in said Fig. 15)., from wherel the metal will fio'w i'ieripheral to the rim. 1n Fig. '1G are shown such edgingr and web rollini." rolls. for instance J3 and J2 forming the web and rim parts of the partly shown workpiece lr1 which is to have its hubv and rim parts formed at oneside as shown and as before, described with reference p to Fig. 8. With the inner rollingir or operatingportion of the web reducing roll part j of thc edf:- inLr and web rolling: roll J4 formed sufficentl \vr conical as `for instance. shown in Fig. 11S and as and for the purpose hereinafter more fully described. the total pressure 772, caused bv the so sulii-,iently clinically formed inner rolling or operating portion of said web reducing roll part of said roll T4-acting lli-etota'l length of .said eonicall)1 formed inner rolling or operatiiipr portion and at right angles thereto against the work-piece.

as indicated by the arrows 'p2 for said total pressure. causes orforces the metal to flow against the face of said roll J3 in the direction indicated by said arrows p, and as the metal in the work-piece cannot flowy in said direction beyond the face of said roll J", it will practically fiow in a lateral, radial,` and 4in a peripheral direction; that is, in a. lateral `direction against the roll part j. of said roll J4'and` in radiall direction in the direction of the arrow r2 against the face rolling roll K (wliichroll K is not shown in this Fig. 16), from where it will flow peripheral to the rim; that is, toward and against the roll J3 and toward andi against the roll part je of the roll J* from wherev'it will ow peripheral to the rim. Said radial` flow of ii'ietal is limited byI the rolling surface of the tread or Jr'a'ce rolling roll K (which roll K is not shown in this Fig. 16), "and from there the inetal will ow peripheral to they rim. i i

Figs. 3() to -'L inclusive, which are sections of the riin portion of` earI wheels, ill ustratedliaglainuiatically` the flow of metal caused by various forms of rolls. and therein the pressures,caused by the rolls against the surfaces of the metal in contact with the rolls are. assumed to he uniformly distributed at said surfaces, as indicated by the arrows pointing against said surfaces and tlie direction of the flow of metal froiilsaid arrows toward the inner region of the rim portion is indicated by the pressure lines of said arrows. The flow of nietalillustrated by pressure lilies parallel to each other indicates a uniform ciiinpressioii ornniforin refinement of metal. The .How of metal illustrated b vdiverging pressure lines indicates tlia't said uiiiforinllx7 distributed pressures at said surfaces iii contact witlithe i'olls are becoming less toward the. innerl region and peripheral face of 4the rini portion, and therefore the metal in those portions of the rini havinglr saidf diverginpr lilies is not eponvdensed to the saine degzreey as is the uietal` in the portions having paralleli pressure lines and which degree of condensing becomes less and less as the distances between said diverging;r lines becomes greater: and if the rim is not rolled at its outer peripheral face simultaneousl'iI with the rolling of its inner peril'ilieral faces.' the uietal willr be extended instead of beinpY compressed and thereby prod uceincipient cracks in the tread or outer i'icriplicral face of the rini. The inisliedperiplieral faceo the car wheel isindicated by f'aud the .outline of cach of said sections is slown in heavy lines. Tn theI Figs. 30. `fi and 32 the center-line ot" the rini and adjacentfwveb portion is indicated b vy, and said inner face. or facesof the rim 'portion in contact witli"\tlie rolls are indica-ted b v fm. ln Fig. 30, theportions of the rim in which the metal is not properly condensed are indicated -by the. distances rl.fl'' occupied by said dii-erging` lines. ln Fig. 31, the

portions of the rim in which the; metal is la y rlpnot properly condensed is indicated by the distances d", d occupied by said divergin lines. The rolling of the rim portion as an in tbe manner described with reference to Figs. 30 and 31 does not properly work the metal inthe rim`and therefore forms a rim,

which during the rolling process has already been weakened where its strength is needed and ,of which the tread will weargout quickly and shorten the lifel of such wheel, all of which may be observed on present wheels in Aactual use. In Fig. 32 is illustrated a section of a tire having for instance no web, such as used Vfor some tired car wheels. From this ligure itl can easily be observed that the met in such objects having a a 4,straight inner'iace without a web as shown,

fao

can be rolled to practically uniform density v as indicated by the para lel pressure lines` for the total pressure P; and, the metal in kthe rim portion of car wheels and similar objects having leach a web formed integral l rims having no webportion.

`with thev rim, can be rolled in accordance with my invention to practically uniform and maximum density, as can be done with Therefore and in lorder to produce my improvedfcar wheel or other like article, I

form the inner rolling or `operatin portion of the web reducing part j of eac of said l 'iiedging 'aiid web rolling rolls'for instance J1, 4 J2, suiciently conical, so that the face .of

said conically formed portion is sufficiently inclined from its lateral apex toward the inner end of its roll; that is to say, so that .when for instance, the web reducing parts# j, jl? ofsaid rolls J, J are against theV finished web, thesaid face of said conically formed portion of each of said vparts j, '2 is sufficiently inclined from the side of the web outwardly in the direction'away from `the axis 'of the work-piece, as for instance in Figs. 4, 8, `15, 16, 25 and 33.' Said inclina-v tion of each of said web reducing parts j,

j I therefore form suiliciently large enough fA so as to roll the inner peripheral faces of the rim portion suiciently 'inclined` outy wardly toward the peripheral face of the work-piece` so that during the rolling or forming. of the,rim portion .for instancel to ,the'rudimenta'ry form shown in Figs. 4, 8,

'i ,'24 and the Vmetal is caused to fiow in the proper directions to assure compression of the metal Lin said rim portion to uniform or to practically vuniform density, as is distinctly shown'and diagrammatically illustrated in Fig'.Y 33. In Figs. 33 and 34 is ,diagrammatically illustrated and distinctly l shown thefrcsult of the rolling or forming` f5.0`

of the rim of a car wheel in accordance with 'Y lniyinvention hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 4 to7 and to Figs. 15 l 16, &c. Fig. 33 distinctly shows what meant by the herein ilsed Vwords sufficiently conical lor suiciently' inclined and therein is shown said rim portion rolled for instance to the rudimentary form shown in the Fi s. 4 and 24, and also in dotted lines, sai rim portion rolled to finished form, and the ressures'p, p1 are `the same described as withi reference to Fig. 15; the pressure lines for each of said pressures p, p1 bein parallel to each other in the directions o ythe arrows and at right angles to said inclined faces of said roll parts j", j. The said pressures p, l.from said sufficiently inclined faces .of sai roll parts j, j thus applied during the rolling or forming of said' inner rim ortion have rolled said inner faces f1, s of the so rudimentarily formed rim portion suiciently inclined, as distinctly shown by the pressure lines for each4 of said pressures p, p1, which has caused the 'metal during said rolling or forming of the rim ortion to flow in the proper directions to compressed yto uniform density, as distinctly illustrated 'by 'said parallel pressure lines for each of said pressures p, pi, while at the same time the pressures p, p against the lateral sides of the rim from the edging roll arts j", j?? of said rolls J1, J have cause the metal to flow into the inner region of the rim inA the direction of the arrows of the pressure lines for said ressures p2p? and have rolled the rim to esired lateral thickness. `At the same time thepressure p against the peripheral face of the rim portion from the face beaking or face rou ghmg roll K having its rolling face K1 formed as shown, has caused the metal to flow also into the inner region of the rim'in the directions-"of the arrows of the pressure lines for said presW sure p" and has rolled said peripheral face to the beaked or rudimentary form K", as shown, thereby having rolled said metal in the rim and adjacent web portion simultaneously. on all its surfaces by rolls situated in a plane passing laterally through ysaid rim and adjacent lweb Vportion and therewith having compressed said metal simultaneously on al1 Aits Surfaces to uniform and maximum density, vorpracticallyl so, while at the same time the rim portion has been rolled Ato said rudimentary form shown for instance. in the Figs. 4, 24 and 33. The so rudimentarily formed'rim is then rolled, as hereinbcfore described,rwith rolls situ ated at another point' o f the rirn portion to finished form whereby its metal is still further condensed as and inthe manner hereinheforc described for instance `with refer ence/,to the Figs. 5.7, 18, ,19, 20, 35 and 36 and 'liagrummatically illustratedin the F ig. 34. In Fig. 34 said sorudimentarily formed rim portion is shown in dotted lines, and the finished rim and adjacent web 'portion` yshown rolled during the finishingA rolling process to finished form, is shown in heavy lines. During the finishing rolling process ishing roll-H rollssaid beaked or rudiinen- -tarily formed peripheral face K to the finwith the rolls G1, G and H operating against the rim mrtion at another point thereof, the web their web finishing roll parts gli, f/il' roll said inclined faces f", f" to the finished forms ft, f2", while the peripheral face finished forni f" and while die edging roll parts ji", je of sind rolls J1, Jg (each ,of which rolls has now beelrmorecl somewhat ltoward the axis of the work-piece as'liereinbefore described or in: for instance indicated by the distance fi* inl said Figs, 33 and 34) are still operatingin contact with the sides f, f ofthe rim at :mother point thereof and are limiting' the lateral flow of metal and 'maintaining the lateral thickness in'the rim to which the. saine has been rolled dur ingr the. rolling described wthgreference to Fig. theconibined action of said rolls J J2, G, (irj und H during said finishing rolling process roll or form the rim amlladjacent web portion to. the finished form shown in Figs. 31+. 35 and 36. The Figs. v33, 34, 35 and 36 distinctly show 'and diagrammaticallyfillustrate that the lnetalin the Whole rim portion except the metal forming 'the tread, llange and-,root of theflange is rolled or worked to uniform -or practically uniform density und to a renter extentof density than the Imetal in t e central. or hub and web portion as shown at 3 Flgs and 36, and said Vmetal Vfoi-min the tren-d,` flange and root of the (lange w ere the StrenUth and resistance to wear is mostly needed: is rolled or worked to still .greater or to :its

maximum degree of' density or refinementlas.

shown at l and?I Figs. 35 and 3.6. It is, of course, to be understood that in orderto produce said results, the rim portion must be rolled lrst, for instance, to the rudixneng tary forni as' and in.' the manner describedl ,with reference to Fig. 33.bcfore thesaxne isv rolled to the finished -fornrshown in the'Fig.

34, and that the rolling of the saidinclined 3 fares f, f1 and the rollingof said beal'ced`r peripheral face K to their finished forms dnrin the finishing rolling process will not .Y

disturi the density or refinement off the -metal to which-it has been comyn'essedfdun z ing the rocess described withreference Fig; 33,- ut will compress theinetal to still greater density -or refinement, 'especially son in the tread, tiange and root of the flange; 1 where the strength and resistanceto wear 1`s mostly needed. as can easily be seen from said Figs. 34T, B5 and-36.4

From the Vforegoing itnvill now beobscried that, iu rolling for instance-car wheels with the edging and web rolling roll'sforuled;r as herein shown und as and for the purpose 'lescrihcd with reference to Figs. 4.8, 115, 1li` and diagra 1n inatically illustrated 1n Fi s. 33, 34, 35 and', and with the lateral thic nishing rolls (l1, G2 with described with reference to Fis Vmay also.V rtfilled,v asvfor instance describe ness orwidth ofsaidtread or' face'rolling rollK being the same as-the lateral thickness 'or width which the rirn portion of'the par wheelli's to-have when finished, as isifor instance shown in theFi' s. 4, 8,- andgto;

25 and diagrannnatically illustratedpin Fig. 33, thereby, and with said lr'oll K formed as shown and as and for'the purpose' herein 19', 20 and.diagramlnatically il Figs. 33, 34, and 3G and' with therolls J1, dz T 1n said Figs il, 23'Ato 25 'and inl'Fi'g. 33, formed as shown and as and for vthe'pur o se aboie described with reference to the Iii '4, 15,l(5,' 33,134,235 and 36,"01 withtlie ro 1s Jdan eaidjF-lg'. B formed as shown and as and Ltor the purpose above describedj and with' all ,said thi-ee' 'rolls for instance .and 'K situated ine plane passing laterally `tlnjoiigh the workpieceat one side of its .aais, thenietal 'in 'the "peripheral face and the u "llnile runA portion of the work-piece or A car wheel'is"worked continually, during the Irollinf," or' Ioijniiigof'thfrini to rudimentary Iorm,uponlnll itsisurfaces simultaneously with said lthree rolls-soA forr'ned and so situ ated as before said'and las shown for instance in.s a id li'gs .j,4, 8, 243 `to 25 and F i ..33, and lin thenrollingthe so'rudimentxiri y formed ,1 im to 4fin ed formasand-forthopurpose forfnstanoe deiscribedwith reference to Figs.

, 1.5, lo, 33, '34, lffan'd 36*1 which to my knowljedge, 'together with` 4the res'nlts obtained l l thereby"as ,i i 1". instance above described' lwith 33 134,535jand 36,.)va's' lmeyer done o r accomplished-before in rollingzcarnwheels, whereby t hejrneta1` 'in' 'said"peripheral face and rim portion is mechanically 'refined or condensed "with thewgreatestde'gree of refinement or density in'the'metal ofthe tread, flan e' and root,of'tliQ'fliing-'where the strengt and giiinglth'e'nietal infsai'dffiiripheral face and riin ortica-'its required maximum' and unisv yform i'gtlrland Titlsfdne fmaximum- 'and :uniform resistance 'to'w'e'aml andI as anysur- ""plnsof metal' iii-"t-lxework-plece .can be workedfdring' the"rolling recess for in- -stance'jnt 4the"inner-rim `an .adjacent web portion; 'the -saidfpeii he'ral face and. the -whole 'rilii' portion of t i'egcar wheel canalso be- Lsn'loot-h on all its surfaces to the des'ired 4forni"withoatile'uiing a raised circular i movediu'fterivard byturn'ing or other costly means A ,portionlor ,ii'mfivhich lwould have tobe re-4 .los 

